Synthesis of modified tetraesterderivative five by an esterification reaction with 4ethylhexanol (Figure 1). This process is helpful for introducing branching around the fatty acid chains of plant oils. The straightforward epoxidation of ricinoleic acid 1 was closely monitored (27 and five hrs) to avoid the synthesis in the undesired 9,10,12trihydroxyoctadecanoate, which will kind if the reaction temperature is elevated or in the event the reaction is permitted to progress for as well extended. The removal of unsaturated moieties inside the ricinoleic acid via conversion into epoxygroups improves the oxidative stability on the compound. It has already been established that the presence of a number of double bonds in plant oil fatty acid chains accelerates oxidative degradation [2224]. Moreover, a appropriate approach to enhance the lowtemperature properties should be to attach branching web sites at the epoxy carbons.CharacterizationAll with the synthesized compounds were characterized by means of 1 H, 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Considerable signalsfound inside the 1H spectrum with the epoxidized ricinoleic acid 2 at 2.2 and two.four ppm correspond to protons on the quaternary carbons with the oxirane ring (Figure two), whereas a doublet inside the 13C spectrum at 56.82 and 56.86 ppm corresponds for the carbons of the oxirane ring (Figure 3). Furthermore, the 1H spectrum of epoxidized ricinoleic acid two exhibited singlet signals at 9.15 and 9.32 ppm, which represent the protons of your H groups [25]. A singlet at 9.129.29 ppm represents the H protons, plus the bands at 2.033.64 ppm correspond to CH2groups within the 1H spectrum of ten,12dihydroxy9(stearoyloxy) octadecanoic acid derivative three (Figure four). The 13 C NMR signals of 10,12dihydroxy9(stearoyloxy) octadecanoic acid derivative three are in agreement with all the proposed structure (Figure five). The 1H spectrum of 9,ten,12tris(stearoyloxy) octadecanoic acid 4 consists of multiplet signals at 9.189.35 ppm because of the H protons and at 1.423.24 ppm due the H2 CH(OH) and CH(OCOR) protons. Furthermore, the signals at 173.1176.7 ppm in the 13C NMR spectrum are attributed towards the ester carbonyl groups [23]. These signals are in agreement together with the proposed structures. The spectrum of tetraester 18(4ethylhexyloxy)18oxooctadecane7,9,10triyl tristearate five consists of signals of low intensity at approximatelyFigure 2 1H NMR spectrum for epoxidized ricinoleic acid (ERA) (2).Formula of Bis(pinacolato)diborane Salih et al.Lumisterol 3 (>90%) Chemical name Chemistry Central Journal 2013, 7:128 http://journal.PMID:25105126 chemistrycentral.com/content/7/1/Page 5 ofFigure 3 13C NMR spectrum for epoxidized ricinoleic acid (ERA) (2).9.229.40 ppm and two.103.65 ppm. Broad peaks at 1.411.77 ppm represent the CH2 groups’ hydrogen. The structures from the ester functional groups had been also confirmed by way of IR spectral evaluation (Figure six). Bands representing the ester C = O group ( 1740 cm1), the CH3 group ( 1376 cm1), the OH group ( 34783443 cm1) as well as the COC functionality ( 10001100 cm1) are clearly visible within the spectra [26].Lowtemperature properties along with the viscosity indexPlant oils when subjected to lowtemperature atmosphere undergo solidification through crystallization, therefore posing a significant hurdle to the use of plant oils in industrial applications. The relatively poor lowtemperature flow properties of plant oils derive in the appearance of waxy crystals that quickly agglomerate, resulting in solidification with the oil. Plant oil is usually a complicated molecular technique and, consequently, the transition in the liquid to solid state doesn’t happen at a specific tempe.